Thanks for sharing this, Pete. Your distinction-drawing about how adulteration and ownership impact this topic is spot on.
Both polluted agenda-driven Bible translations and modern dictionaries do their best to muddle the distinctions between 'envy' and 'jealousy' -- in both cases to neuter patriarchy.
She's a definite
secular source, but non-fiction author Nancy Friday does what I believe is the most excellent job of distinguishing envy and jealousy, and I've found ever since reading her books starting back in the 1980s that her definitions are the most useful: in one sense it comes down to being either envious
of or jealous
about; one is jealous about another's behavior and predominantly
about sensual behavior, whereas one can only be envious
of another's behavior one isn't capable of replicating:
- Envy requires a profound desire to possess something (material or otherwise) owned by someone else, or anger about not owning something someone else owns -- thus the parallel with covetousness, which additionally requires at least the contemplation of plans to steal that which another possesses.
- Jealousy is related to the intertwining of sexuality and disloyalty -- or fear thereof -- and both morality and biological imperative equips men with a profoundly-stronger motivation for being jealous in regard to sexual disloyalty on the part of their women than is possessed by women in the opposite direction. Sharing a wife with another man risks (a) having to raise another man's legacy, or (b) another man using up one's wife's potential for reproduction. Sharing a man with another wife does present the possibility of lowering the share of resources devoted to an individual woman or her children, but if it's done in the context of one-household polygyny and economy of scale, the resource diminishment would be relatively negligible -- as opposed to a sharing-baby-daddy-with-other-baby-mamas situation.
YHWH rightly uses the jealousy metaphor, because He has a sensual relationship with His creation, and He left Himself open to even His Chosen People betraying Him, turning their backs on Him, etc. Envy can't apply to Him, because He owns
everything and could reproduce
anything He might desire, so envy is a moot point for Yah.
As you rightly point out, women can't experience jealousy as would YHWH or a man, but women certainly can experience envy: desiring what others have. In the realm of sexuality, a woman can sometimes be envious of a man's side of the equation when it comes to sex and reproduction, but that's distinct from profoundly jealous about her man's sexual involvement with another woman -- partly because of the distinction related to potential outcomes, but also because neither Scripture nor biology creates significant barriers to or condemnation of her
also being sexual with the same other woman her man is with.
I know this places a bit of a different spin from yours, but it does lead as well toward the same conclusion that jealousy is a masculine possession.
This also relates to a Winston Borden quote: "When women complain that it’s unfair that men demand virginity when they don’t have to provide it themselves, this doesn’t mean women really care about whether their men are virgins or are jealous about a man’s past sexual involvements – they just whine about these things as opening salvos to prompt negotiation to get
other concessions from men."