Right on!
We also have to dig into what "lust" means, or rather what
ἐπιθυμέω (G1937) means. I'm pretty sure it has nothing to do with looking at a married woman and finding her to be [sexually] attractive, or enjoying the sight of her.
I will forbear to synthesize a treatise on the matter, and simply provide links.
I
do not endorse all of the positions held by these two, but I think they're pretty much right with respect to their exegesis regarding "lust".
https://www.jasonstaples.com/bible/most-misinterpreted-bible-passages-1-matthew-527-28/
https://biblicalgenderroles.com/what-is-lust/
Hey I just wanted to clarify / comment a little on the definition of this word and how the 1st article you linked to refers to it.
He uses a technique I find quite useful for getting at the underlying Hebrew "behind the Greek" as it were; tracing back to the LXX to see which Hebrew words mapped to the Greek word. The author of the article informs us:
Well, as it turns out, the Greek word usually translated “lust” in this passage (ἐπιθυμέω; epithumeô) is precisely the word for “covet” (Hebrew חמד) in the Tenth Command in the Septuagint (Greek Old Testament), which says: [passage about do not covet neighbors wife]
this is all true, and good work and I think very likely what Yeshua had in mind.
It is worth noting, however, that this greek word
ἐπιθυμέω epithūmēō also maps back to
אוה ʾāwāh — (in Piel - to
wish,
desire / in Hitpael - to
crave for,
wish for)
It maps to this lemma 19 times and to the covet word 6 times.
BDAG (bigshot Greek lexicon) defines this Greek word:
ἐπιθυμέω impf. ἐπεθύμουν; fut. ἐπιθυμήσω; 1 aor. ἐπεθύμησα (θυμέομαι ‘set one’s heart on a thing’; Aeschyl., Hdt.+).
① to
have a strong desire to do or secure someth.,
desire,
long for w. gen. of the thing desired
② to
have sexual interest in someone,
desire, w. acc. of pers. (referring to γυναῖκα; cp. En 6:2)
Arndt, W., Danker, F. W., Bauer, W., & Gingrich, F. W. (2000). A Greek-English lexicon of the New Testament and other early Christian literature (3rd ed., pp. 371,372). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
The other bigshot Greek lexicon, covering the classics + Christian lit I think nails it:
ἐπιθῡμέω,
set one’s heart upon a thing,
long for,
covet,
desire,...
Liddell, H. G., Scott, R., Jones, H. S., & McKenzie, R. (1996). A Greek-English lexicon (p. 634). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
(literary references deleted from both dictionary entries)
***** more detailed analysis of this word follows ... if this bores you move along citizen *****
***** I won't source each page, just the tome this comes from, if anyone wants the whole article let me know and I'll upload it *******
***** emphases are mine ****
1. ἐπιθυμία,
ἐπιθυμέω are not found in Homer, but they are pre-Socratic, and common later. The words denote the
direct impulse towards food,
sexual satisfaction etc., and also
desire in general.
....[tons deleted]....
In Greek philosophy
ἐπιθυμία is the
waywardness of man in conflict with his rationality. It is estimated ethically rather then religiously.
2. In
Hebrew and Jewish religion there is condemnation not merely of the evil act but also of the evil will. The Decalogue forbids stealing and the desire for the goods of others, including their wives.
.....
In the OT and Judaism ἐπιθυμία is an offence against God, who demands of man total obedience and love from the whole heart, Dt. 5:5.
...
3. In Jewish Greek
ἐπιθυμία and ἐπιθυμεῖν
can denote a sin. This usage is plainly dependent in part on the Stoic usage, and in part a result of the above development in Judaism. The lines converge. The LXX uses ἐπιθυμία and ἐπιθυμεῖν predominantly for constructs of the stems אוה and חמד. ἐπιθυμία is mostly vox media. But without addition ἐπιθυμία is also used for base and ungodly desire, e.g., at Nu. 11:4, 34; 33:16, 17; Dt. 9:22; ψ 105:14. ἐπιθυμία κάλλους is sinful sexual desire in the male, Prv. 6:25; Susanna 32; cf. Sir. 40:22.
...
We find a similar combination of Stoic and Jewish elements in the use of
ἐπιθυμία and ἐπιθυμεῖν in
4 Macc. The theme here is that what rules over the impulsive in man is reason, and the impulsive includes first of all
ἐπιθυμία, with which are ranged ἡδονή, φόβος and λύπη (1:22, 23), and which arises out of sensuality (1:3; 3:11–16) and sexuality (2:4, 5). In Josephus ἐπιθυμία is mostly vox media, but it can also be used for sinful desire.
...
4. In Rabbinic theology the equivalents of NT
ἐπιθυμεῖν are
הִתְאַוָּה and
חמד, and for
ἐπιθυμία we have
יֵצֶר הָרַע, except that this denotes a general disposition in man rather than the actual impulse in concrete individuality. For this the term is
תַּאֲוָה.
Büchsel, F. (1964–). θυμός, ἐπιθυμία, ἐπιθυμέω, ἐπιθυμητής, ἐνθυμέομαι, ἐνθύμησις. G. Kittel, G. W. Bromiley, & G. Friedrich (Eds.), Theological dictionary of the New Testament (Vol. 3, pp. around 170ish). Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans.
I found it interesting in that article that the word in question developed to mean the
yeṣer hārāh (evil inclination), a Jewish term for the ever-present temptation to sin.
Processing it all....
Whenever we see "heart" used, (as commit adultery in your heart...) if we assume the Messiah was speaking to His followers in Hebrew, or Jewish Aramaic, the word heart refers to the
mind.
So to "love the L-rd Your G-d with all your heart..." means to love him with our whole mind. This leads me to process the information of the shades of meanings of this word group (lust,desire,covet) toward the
renewal of our minds (romans 12:2). We are to endeavor to learn discipline
mūsar. We train ourselves if we weren't trained this way in our youth... there is that short instant when a man may notice the form of a lady who is clad unmodestly; it's what we do in the moments which follow the instant of that hunger.
Do we transfer the that spark to our mind (Hebrew:
lev / levav ) and feed it there, or do we sanction it and cut it off, mumble a prayer or a comment to our body to behave differently.
When a woman is available, it seems not sinful to consider her, ahem, physical benefits, but if she even has a boyfriend then it becomes a dangerous game.
it is also possible to covet ḥāmad another man's wife for any of her other attributes: the way she cares for him, the way she respects him, is fiercely loyal to him, her great wealth, and of course her physical form. So if Yeshua was speaking to expanding (adding to) the interpretation of coveting, it seems this example is only with regards to sexuality; so it may be an intersection of
הִתְאַוָּה and
חמד sexual desire, longing, appetite PLUS covetousness.