Patricia, I agree with the vast majority of what you wrote, I just wanted to point out a minor side-issue. In my understanding, the idea of women being paid less for the same work is usually a myth, perpetuated for political reasons. I am sure it happens in some circumstances, and it may be that the society where I live is different to the society where you live. But in general, from the actual statistics I have seen, men and women usually get paid the same for the same job.
But, on average, women do get paid less than men. There are multiple reasons for this, for instance:
- Women tend to do different jobs than men.
- When pursuing the same career, a woman still tends to take many years off to raise children at one stage of her life, so doesn't have as many effective years in the workforce so does not get as many promotions & pay rises.
- Women often change careers after having children, setting promotions back to zero.
- Women often work shorter hours in the same career as they are responsible for childcare so have to be home when the kids get back from school.
- Many women stay at home full-time and have zero income, seriously reducing the "average" pay for women even if working women were getting paid the same as men.
Etc. But it's not usually about unfairness. Usually they're being paid fairly, but doing different work on average.
Except for one thing - if you hire a young fertile woman, you know there's a good chance she'll quit if she gets pregnant. While if you hire a man of the same age, you don't have anywhere near this level of risk. Due to the cost of hiring and retraining staff, this risk does impose real costs on a business, and means that a business genuinely may not be able to afford to pay a woman of that age as much as a man. But this happens increasingly rarely as businesses are having to ignore this real cost due to public pressure for equal pay, if any hint got out that they were actually taking full account of the financial risks involved in employment they'd be run out of town... So it's easier to take the financial risk and maintain a positive public image.
Which means that this real financial issue is ignored and people end up with equal pay for the same work, in most circumstances.