That's a fair comment Zec.
The answer is, "a whole heck of a lot of them".
The Mishnah records in a whole lot of detail not only various interpretations of how to keep Laws but also WHICH RABBIS taught such and such. This was written down around 200 AD. It had been memorized by the Tannaim Sages who claimed it's much much older. You can certainly go the route of poking holes in those claims. I don't think, however, it's far fetched to consider that such details could have survived from Yeshua's day in an oral tradition for a couple of centuries (though we believe the oral tradition is much much older than that). This is actually the official position of the
Messianic Jewish Theological Institute Messianic Judaism's only real Yeshiva (seminary). The position is actually that the Mishna and many comments of the gamara go way before that time. This makes sense if you consider the 400 years of silence where we don't have prophecy on the level of "write this down" happening. Instead there is a transition into the Rabbinical way of approaching scripture.
Your comment that the Talmud is "
barely a thousand years old(in it's current form)" is misleading (though I don't think intentionally). The current format (Vilna Edition) is only a couple hundred years (in it's current form). The heart of the talmud, however, is the Mishneh and the comments of the
rishonimi and those are far more ancient than you suggest. People misunderstand the nature of the talmud.
Part of the Talmud is written in Hebrew, so that's from a time period when folks spoke Hebrew. Many scholars think Hebrew was no longer spoken in Israel during the days of Yeshua, so riddle me that one?
The Gemara, running commentary / history, in the Talmud is written in Babylonian Aramaic since those who wrote it lived in Babylon. So you may want to rethink that just because we have records of a thing being put on paper at a certain date, hardly means that thing is "created at that date". Respectfully, you may want to learn a bit more about Talmud before making sweeping statements about it brother.
It is not a bible.
It's a conversation across the generations. It includes disagreements, arguments, and the rationale for majority decisions by the courts which Moses commanded be established (religious courts).
It's a bundle of case law in this sense which preserves the dissenting opinions in court cases regarding Torah Law so that future generations can learn not only the ruling (i.e. the tradition) but also the way of thinking which leads to this ruling. There is a common misunderstanding among Hebrew roots folks that the Jewish way of understanding Torah somehow obfuscates Talmud and written Torah.
Among those who study there is always an awareness of a mitzvah that is written in the bible verses a court decree by a religious court. Rabbis often point these things out "that's a tachinah" someone will say. "It's not in written Torah".
Your comment that the Talmud is younger than the Quran" is entirely false and the opinion that the core of the Talmud is younger than the New Testament, well that's not how Jews see it and it's not the Messianic Jewish Theological Institute's perspective either (these are all believers in Yeshua the Messiah).