Vincent Cheung’s commentary on Matthew 5:17-20 is well worth reading, as he gets it right and corrects many of the false teachings being promoted by a few here in this thread. Below is a portion of his commentary on this passage (emphasis in bold text is mine):
“Jesus says that he has come not to abolish but to fulfill the law. Thus, our starting premise must be that no matter what position we take regarding the law, it cannot be that Jesus has abolished it. If there is to be any change when it comes to the relationship between God's people and God's law, it must be understood in the context of its fulfillment and not its nullification.
This is important in explaining why we have ceased observing the ceremonial aspects of the law. Several New Testament passages have been construed to say that Christ's coming has indeed abolished the law along with all its commandments. However, whatever these
passages are saying, they cannot be understood as nullifying the law. Again, Jesus says in verses 17 and 18 that he has come not to abolish but to fulfill the law. Then, verse 19 says that one who practices and teaches the commandments in the law is called great in the
kingdom of heaven.
The truth is simple. In Ephesians 2:14, Paul mentions that there was a "barrier" or "dividing wall of hostility" between the Jews and the Gentiles. What was this barrier or dividing wall? In verses 11-13, he writes:
Therefore, remember that formerly you who are Gentiles by birth
and called "uncircumcised" by those who call themselves "the
circumcision" (that done in the body by the hands of men) –
remember that at that time you were separate from Christ, excluded
from citizenship in Israel and foreigners to the covenants of the
promise, without hope and without God in the world. But now in
Christ Jesus you who once were far away have been brought near
through the blood of Christ.
The barrier or dividing wall between the Jews and the Gentiles consisted of the external ceremonies and regulations that God commanded the Jews to keep, so that the Jews were called "the circumcision" and the Gentiles were called the "uncircumcised."
Paul takes care to specify that by circumcision, he refers to only that which was "done in the body by the hands of men." Elsewhere he explains that not all who were outwardly circumcised were saved, but only those who were inwardly circumcised, so that not all Jews were saved, but only the chosen ones in whom God sovereignly performed the "circumcision of the heart" (Romans 2:29). Although relatively few Gentiles were saved up to that time, God indeed saved some of them, and performed this inward circumcision in them.
Again, this barrier or dividing wall consisted of external ceremonies and regulations, and it is this barrier or wall that Jesus abolished. As Paul writes, "For he himself is our peace, who has made the two one and has destroyed the barrier, the dividing wall of hostility, by abolishing in his flesh the law with its commandments and regulations" (Ephesians 2:14-15). "The law with its commandments and regulations" in the NIV is a misleading translation. The more literal NASB says, "The Law of commandments contained in ordinances," and the HCSB says, "The law of the commandments in regulations" (see also the KJV and NKJV).
Hebrews 9:10 says, "They are only a matter of food and drink and various ceremonial washings – external regulations applying until the time of the new order." What are the things that have been stopped because of Christ's coming? What are the things that applied
"until the time of the new order"? Certainly not the entire law or the entire Old Testament and its commandments, but only the "external regulations," namely, those things that are "a matter of food and drink and various ceremonial washings" (see Mark 7:19 and Acts10:9-16).
Elsewhere, Paul explains, "These are a shadow of the things that were to come; the reality, however, is found in Christ" (Colossians 2:17). These ceremonies and regulations have ceased not because they have somehow become false, but because their purpose was to prefigure Christ, and since Christ has come, the ceremonies and regulations have been fulfilled, and remained fulfilled in Christ. Those who observed them looked forward to Christ through them, but since Christ has come, to continue observing them would suggest ignorance and unbelief, as if Christ has not come.
Yet the Old Testament passages regarding these ceremonies and regulations have not become useless, since they remain instructive concerning God's plan of salvation, the work of Christ, and the doctrines that they prefigure and illustrate, as demonstrated by the letter
to the Hebrews and in the letters of Paul. Therefore, God's people have ceased observing these ceremonies and regulations, not that they have become false, but because they have become true at the coming of Christ. For example, we have no animal sacrifices at church not because there is no need for a sacrifice, but because Christ is our once-for-all and all-sufficient sacrifice.
On the other hand, this point concerning the ceremonies and regulations do not apply to God's moral commandments, such as the Ten Commandments. Just because Christ has come does not mean that we may now worship idols and commit murder. As mentioned,
Matthew 5:19 says that we should continue to practice and to teach the commandments written in the Law and the Prophets.
Some people claim that although we must not worship idols, commit murder, and the like, these restrictions exist not because the Ten Commandments are still in force, but because we are now under the law of love, and love prevents us from doing these things. However, what we have said above refutes this claim. Moreover, it was Moses who said, "Love the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your strength" (Deuteronomy 6:5), which is "the first and greatest commandment" (Matthew 22:38) in
both the Old and the New Testaments. And the statement, "Love your neighbor as yourself," does not originate in the Gospels, but it comes from Leviticus 19:18.
As for the Ten Commandments, Paul explains that they are summarized – not replaced – by the commandment to love, so that love is not something that is altogether different: "The commandments, 'Do not commit adultery,' 'Do not murder,' 'Do not steal,' 'Do not covet,' and whatever other commandment there may be, are summed up in this one rule: 'Love your neighbor as yourself'" (Romans 13:9). In fact, this means that love itself is defined by these various commandments, and that it is undefined without them. He concludes, "Therefore love is the fulfillment of the law" (v. 10).
You walk in love by obeying the commandments, and so if you walk in love, you have fulfilled the requirements of the law. "It is a great mistake, then, to think that Jesus abolished the commandments and taught us that 'all you need is love.' For love means fulfilling the law (Rom. 13:10)." This is not an isolated or obscure teaching, and it is not difficult to grasp, so it is strange that so many people completely miss it. The greatness of the new covenant is not that God no longer requires you to obey the law, but that he enables
you to obey the law: "This is the covenant I will make with them after that time, says the Lord. I will put my laws in their hearts, and I will write them on their minds" (Hebrews 10:16). "Do we, then, nullify the law by this faith? Not at all! Rather, we uphold the law" (Romans 3:31).
In verse 17, Jesus denies that he has come to abolish the law, but he has come to fulfill it. Then, in verse 18, he further affirms the law's inspiration and authority. He says, "I tell you the truth, until heaven and earth disappear, not the smallest letter, not the least stroke of a
pen, will by any means disappear from the Law until everything is accomplished." Some commentators believe that the words "until heaven and earth disappear" constitute an eschatological expression pointing to the end of the existing order, but this is not the best interpretation. Jesus is not telling us when, or even if, the law will pass away, but his emphasis is on the permanence and the inevitable fulfillment of all that the law teaches. As R. T. France writes, "The expression is probably less a specific note of time than an idiom for something inconceivable."
Jesus expresses the highest view of Scripture, saying that "not the smallest letter, not the least stroke of a pen" in the law shall disappear or fail to be accomplished. The Greek for "the smallest letter" is iota, referring to the smallest letter of the Hebrew alphabet yod, which is almost as small as a comma, like an apostrophe or an accent mark. "The least stroke of a pen" (keraia) refers to one of the tiny hooks and projections that distinguish some Hebrew letters from others, like the serif in modern typefaces.
In other words, Jesus asserts that all of Scripture is inspired, inerrant, infallible, and authoritative to the letter. Therefore, the proper view of biblical inerrancy affirms not only the general events and doctrines taught in Scripture, but it affirms that God has infallibly caused to be written the very words and the very letters used in the Bible. To deny this or to affirm anything short of this is to call Jesus a liar and to renounce the Christian faith.
“Jesus says that he has come not to abolish but to fulfill the law. Thus, our starting premise must be that no matter what position we take regarding the law, it cannot be that Jesus has abolished it. If there is to be any change when it comes to the relationship between God's people and God's law, it must be understood in the context of its fulfillment and not its nullification.
This is important in explaining why we have ceased observing the ceremonial aspects of the law. Several New Testament passages have been construed to say that Christ's coming has indeed abolished the law along with all its commandments. However, whatever these
passages are saying, they cannot be understood as nullifying the law. Again, Jesus says in verses 17 and 18 that he has come not to abolish but to fulfill the law. Then, verse 19 says that one who practices and teaches the commandments in the law is called great in the
kingdom of heaven.
The truth is simple. In Ephesians 2:14, Paul mentions that there was a "barrier" or "dividing wall of hostility" between the Jews and the Gentiles. What was this barrier or dividing wall? In verses 11-13, he writes:
Therefore, remember that formerly you who are Gentiles by birth
and called "uncircumcised" by those who call themselves "the
circumcision" (that done in the body by the hands of men) –
remember that at that time you were separate from Christ, excluded
from citizenship in Israel and foreigners to the covenants of the
promise, without hope and without God in the world. But now in
Christ Jesus you who once were far away have been brought near
through the blood of Christ.
The barrier or dividing wall between the Jews and the Gentiles consisted of the external ceremonies and regulations that God commanded the Jews to keep, so that the Jews were called "the circumcision" and the Gentiles were called the "uncircumcised."
Paul takes care to specify that by circumcision, he refers to only that which was "done in the body by the hands of men." Elsewhere he explains that not all who were outwardly circumcised were saved, but only those who were inwardly circumcised, so that not all Jews were saved, but only the chosen ones in whom God sovereignly performed the "circumcision of the heart" (Romans 2:29). Although relatively few Gentiles were saved up to that time, God indeed saved some of them, and performed this inward circumcision in them.
Again, this barrier or dividing wall consisted of external ceremonies and regulations, and it is this barrier or wall that Jesus abolished. As Paul writes, "For he himself is our peace, who has made the two one and has destroyed the barrier, the dividing wall of hostility, by abolishing in his flesh the law with its commandments and regulations" (Ephesians 2:14-15). "The law with its commandments and regulations" in the NIV is a misleading translation. The more literal NASB says, "The Law of commandments contained in ordinances," and the HCSB says, "The law of the commandments in regulations" (see also the KJV and NKJV).
Hebrews 9:10 says, "They are only a matter of food and drink and various ceremonial washings – external regulations applying until the time of the new order." What are the things that have been stopped because of Christ's coming? What are the things that applied
"until the time of the new order"? Certainly not the entire law or the entire Old Testament and its commandments, but only the "external regulations," namely, those things that are "a matter of food and drink and various ceremonial washings" (see Mark 7:19 and Acts10:9-16).
Elsewhere, Paul explains, "These are a shadow of the things that were to come; the reality, however, is found in Christ" (Colossians 2:17). These ceremonies and regulations have ceased not because they have somehow become false, but because their purpose was to prefigure Christ, and since Christ has come, the ceremonies and regulations have been fulfilled, and remained fulfilled in Christ. Those who observed them looked forward to Christ through them, but since Christ has come, to continue observing them would suggest ignorance and unbelief, as if Christ has not come.
Yet the Old Testament passages regarding these ceremonies and regulations have not become useless, since they remain instructive concerning God's plan of salvation, the work of Christ, and the doctrines that they prefigure and illustrate, as demonstrated by the letter
to the Hebrews and in the letters of Paul. Therefore, God's people have ceased observing these ceremonies and regulations, not that they have become false, but because they have become true at the coming of Christ. For example, we have no animal sacrifices at church not because there is no need for a sacrifice, but because Christ is our once-for-all and all-sufficient sacrifice.
On the other hand, this point concerning the ceremonies and regulations do not apply to God's moral commandments, such as the Ten Commandments. Just because Christ has come does not mean that we may now worship idols and commit murder. As mentioned,
Matthew 5:19 says that we should continue to practice and to teach the commandments written in the Law and the Prophets.
Some people claim that although we must not worship idols, commit murder, and the like, these restrictions exist not because the Ten Commandments are still in force, but because we are now under the law of love, and love prevents us from doing these things. However, what we have said above refutes this claim. Moreover, it was Moses who said, "Love the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your strength" (Deuteronomy 6:5), which is "the first and greatest commandment" (Matthew 22:38) in
both the Old and the New Testaments. And the statement, "Love your neighbor as yourself," does not originate in the Gospels, but it comes from Leviticus 19:18.
As for the Ten Commandments, Paul explains that they are summarized – not replaced – by the commandment to love, so that love is not something that is altogether different: "The commandments, 'Do not commit adultery,' 'Do not murder,' 'Do not steal,' 'Do not covet,' and whatever other commandment there may be, are summed up in this one rule: 'Love your neighbor as yourself'" (Romans 13:9). In fact, this means that love itself is defined by these various commandments, and that it is undefined without them. He concludes, "Therefore love is the fulfillment of the law" (v. 10).
You walk in love by obeying the commandments, and so if you walk in love, you have fulfilled the requirements of the law. "It is a great mistake, then, to think that Jesus abolished the commandments and taught us that 'all you need is love.' For love means fulfilling the law (Rom. 13:10)." This is not an isolated or obscure teaching, and it is not difficult to grasp, so it is strange that so many people completely miss it. The greatness of the new covenant is not that God no longer requires you to obey the law, but that he enables
you to obey the law: "This is the covenant I will make with them after that time, says the Lord. I will put my laws in their hearts, and I will write them on their minds" (Hebrews 10:16). "Do we, then, nullify the law by this faith? Not at all! Rather, we uphold the law" (Romans 3:31).
In verse 17, Jesus denies that he has come to abolish the law, but he has come to fulfill it. Then, in verse 18, he further affirms the law's inspiration and authority. He says, "I tell you the truth, until heaven and earth disappear, not the smallest letter, not the least stroke of a
pen, will by any means disappear from the Law until everything is accomplished." Some commentators believe that the words "until heaven and earth disappear" constitute an eschatological expression pointing to the end of the existing order, but this is not the best interpretation. Jesus is not telling us when, or even if, the law will pass away, but his emphasis is on the permanence and the inevitable fulfillment of all that the law teaches. As R. T. France writes, "The expression is probably less a specific note of time than an idiom for something inconceivable."
Jesus expresses the highest view of Scripture, saying that "not the smallest letter, not the least stroke of a pen" in the law shall disappear or fail to be accomplished. The Greek for "the smallest letter" is iota, referring to the smallest letter of the Hebrew alphabet yod, which is almost as small as a comma, like an apostrophe or an accent mark. "The least stroke of a pen" (keraia) refers to one of the tiny hooks and projections that distinguish some Hebrew letters from others, like the serif in modern typefaces.
In other words, Jesus asserts that all of Scripture is inspired, inerrant, infallible, and authoritative to the letter. Therefore, the proper view of biblical inerrancy affirms not only the general events and doctrines taught in Scripture, but it affirms that God has infallibly caused to be written the very words and the very letters used in the Bible. To deny this or to affirm anything short of this is to call Jesus a liar and to renounce the Christian faith.